In Black Working Wives: Pioneers of the American Family Revolution, Bart Landry noted that in the 1950s and 60s almost 75% of black families were headed by two parents. In studying the movement of white wives into the workforce, he found that "employment rates for black wives were about ten years ahead of those of white wives" (p. xi). He argued that middle-class black wives initiated the trend of working outside the home "long before white middle-class wives embraced it" (p. 5). The 1950s image of the woman in the home and the man at work was predominantly for whites, but not for most African-Americans.